West Nile virus
West Nile virus is the most commonly reported mosquito-borne disease in Minnesota
West Nile virus (WNV) is transmitted to people and horses through the bite of an infected mosquito. Culex tarsalis, a common mosquito in agricultural regions of western and central Minnesota, transmits WNV to humans.
Most people infected with WNV show either no symptoms or flu-like symptoms, but some (typically elderly) experience more severe illness or death.
Human WNV cases were found in MN in 2002. WNV is widespread with WNV cases occurring in 48 states. In 2015, there were 2,175 human cases of WNV nation-wide, with 9 confirmed WNV cases in Minnesota.
Avoid mosquito bites
The highest risk areas for WNV in Minnesota include the western and central portions of the state. Open areas, such as farm land and prairie, provide the best habitat for the primary mosquito vector of the virus, Culex tarsalis. These mosquitos are different from container-breeding mosquito species that breed in objects like tires. Instead these mosquitos typically breed in semi-permanent wetlands and stagnant drainage ditches.
People who are outdoors in these areas, such as farmers, other outdoor workers, and outdoor enthusiasts are more at risk for being bitten by an infected mosquito. Older people are more at risk for developing severe illness, such as encephalitis.
To avoid mosquito bites:
- Use mosquito repellents with 30% DEET
- Avoid outdoor activity at dusk and dawn (peak feeding time for many mosquitoes)
- Wear long-sleeved shirts and long pants
- Install or repair screens on windows and doors
- Remove small pools of standing water from around your home (mosquito breeding grounds)
What is being done about West Nile virus?
- The MDH Vectorborne Diseases Unit: West Nile virus (WNV) tracks the disease in Minnesota and provides information on minimizing risks to mosquito-borne diseases.
- The CDC: West Nile virus provides information on transmission, prevention and control, and symptoms and treatment.
- The University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine: Center for Animal Health and Food Safety has the latest information on how the disease affects animals, prevention, diagnosis, equine vaccination protocols, and research.
- The United States Geological Survey: West Nile Virus (WNV) collaborates with other agencies to learn more about the ecology of WNV and how it is affecting wildlife populations.
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