Fine particles (PM2.5)

Very small particles in the air - less than 2.5 micrometers wide - are called fine particles, or PM2.5. They can come from dust, dirt, soot, and smoke. They are small enough to be inhaled. People who are exposed to high levels of PM2.5 can have more heart and lung problems. 

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) sets National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) to protect the public from the harmful effects of air pollutants, including fine particles. The current standards for fine particles, measured in micrograms per cubic meter of air, are:

  • Daily standard: 35 µg/m3
  • Annual standard: 9 µg/m3

All areas of the state meet the daily and annual standards for fine particles. However, even areas that meet the federal regulatory requirements can experience days where air pollution levels are considered unhealthy. The Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA) issues air quality alerts on days where pollutant concentrations may cause adverse health effects.

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Greater Minnesota

Twin Cities Metro

More information about fine particles

The air we breathe includes small particles made up of a diverse mixture of solid and liquid droplets. These vary in size, shape, chemical composition, and origin. 

Very small particles enter the lungs where they can cause health problems. Particles less than 2.5 micrometers in diameter or smaller are called fine particles, or PM2.5.

PM2.5 is released into the air when coal, gasoline, diesel fuel, wood, and other fuel sources are burned. They may also be formed by reactions in the atmosphere involving gases released from fuel burning and other sources.

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Last updated December 2024.